The codes and conventions in media can be separated into 3 distinct groups -
- Technical (camera techniques & shots),
- Symbolic (ie clothing, colors)
- Written and audio (music etc).
- Technical (camera techniques & shots),
- Symbolic (ie clothing, colors)
- Written and audio (music etc).
What are conventions?
Conventions are the generally accepted ways of doing something. There are general conventions in any medium, such as the use of interviewee quotes in a print article, but conventions are also genre specific.
Conventions are the generally accepted ways of doing something. There are general conventions in any medium, such as the use of interviewee quotes in a print article, but conventions are also genre specific.
Narrative Structure:
Single strand or true story
Single strand or true story
Camerawork:
Varied shot types and movement to keep the audience interested
Stationary camera (tripod)
Handheld camerawork is used for actuality footage where necessary
Establishing shots used
Pan and zoom are used when filming still images – slow zoom
Interviews: close up or medium close up is conventional. Big close up or extreme close up can be used
Eyeline roughly 1/3 way down screen
Framed to left or right of screen
Mise en scene:
If chroma key is used it shouldn’t detract from the interview
The mise en scene is carefully constructed
Sound:
Always a voiceover – holds the narrative together, standard English, usually calm and clear delivery. Gender and age is sometimes relevant depending on the topic.
Interviews – no background noise, so audience can clearly hear what is being said
Archive material:
Still images require camera movement to keep the audience interested in the documentary
There is a variety of relevant material: newspapers, photographs, website, video footage.
Graphics:
Used to translate were necessary
Title – Title is unique
Credits – usually scrolling off screen and all archive material is credited
Name and relevance to subject or role of interviewees – usually two lines.
Varied shot types and movement to keep the audience interested
Stationary camera (tripod)
Handheld camerawork is used for actuality footage where necessary
Establishing shots used
Pan and zoom are used when filming still images – slow zoom
Interviews: close up or medium close up is conventional. Big close up or extreme close up can be used
Eyeline roughly 1/3 way down screen
Framed to left or right of screen
Mise en scene:
If chroma key is used it shouldn’t detract from the interview
The mise en scene is carefully constructed
Sound:
Always a voiceover – holds the narrative together, standard English, usually calm and clear delivery. Gender and age is sometimes relevant depending on the topic.
Interviews – no background noise, so audience can clearly hear what is being said
Archive material:
Still images require camera movement to keep the audience interested in the documentary
There is a variety of relevant material: newspapers, photographs, website, video footage.
Graphics:
Used to translate were necessary
Title – Title is unique
Credits – usually scrolling off screen and all archive material is credited
Name and relevance to subject or role of interviewees – usually two lines.
these are some picture of some real life stories:
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